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medicin

Dr. Google' doesn't know best: Search engine self-diagnosis and 'cyberchondria' ::: Research is aiming to improve search engines after finding online self-diagnosis of health conditions provides misleading results that can do more harm than good.

  • Forskning sigter på at forbedre søgemaskiner efter at finde online selv-diagnose af sundhedsmæssige betingelser giver misvisende resultater, der kan gøre mere skade end gavn.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-147 ).

  • medicin

Many young ACL surgery patients need second surgery later on ::: Orthopedic surgeons are seeing an epidemic of anterior cruciate ligament injuries among young athletes, and a large number of patients who have surgery to reconstruct a torn ACL undergo a second knee operation later on, according to a study.

  • Ortopædkirurger ser en epidemi af forreste korsbånd skader blandt unge atleter, og et stort antal patienter, der har kirurgi for at rekonstruere en iturevne ACL gennemgå en anden knæ operation senere, ifølge en undersøgelse. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-148 ).

  • medicin

How your sex life may influence endometriosis::: Researchers are a step closer to understanding the risk factors associated with endometriosis thanks to a new study. A lot remains unknown about what causes, and how to effectively prevent and treat, endometriosis. However, more is now known about what aggravates the condition: seminal fluid (a major component of semen) enhances the survival and growth of endometriosis lesions, researchers have discovered.

  • Forskere er et skridt tættere på at forstå de risikofaktorer forbundet med endometriose takket være en ny undersøgelse. En masse er stadig ukendt om, hvad der forårsager, og hvordan man effektivt at forebygge og behandle, endometriose. Imidlertid er mere nu kendt om hvad forværrer tilstanden: sædvæsken (en væsentlig bestanddel af sæd) forbedrer overlevelsen og væksten af ??endometriose læsioner har forskere opdaget.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-149 ).

  • medicin

Dissolvable surgical clip, 5 mm in size, made of a magnesium alloy ::: A safe surgical clip that dissolves, which is absorbed by the body after a certain period of time, has been created by researchers. Clinical use of this clip is expected because it can reduce the rate of postoperative complications and minimize problems associated with diagnostic imaging.

  • En sikker kirurgisk klip, der opløses, som absorberes af kroppen efter en vis periode, er skabt af forskere. Forventes kliniske anvendelse af dette klip, fordi det kan reducere antallet af postoperative komplikationer og minimere problemer forbundet med diagnostisk billeddannelse. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-150 ).

  • medicin

Tiny silicone spheres come out of the mist: Targeted medicine? ::: Technology in common household humidifiers could enable the next wave of high-tech medical imaging and targeted medicine, thanks to a new method for making tiny silicone microspheres. The researchers made silicone microspheres with a variety of properties for different applications, including colored, fluorescent and magnetic spheres.

  • Teknologi i fælles husstand befugtere kunne gøre det muligt den næste bølge af high-tech medicinsk billedbehandling og målrettet medicin, takket være en ny metode til at gøre bittesmå silikone mikrosfærer. Forskerne lavet silikone mikrokugler med en række egenskaber til forskellige applikationer, herunder farvet, fluorescerende og magnetiske kugler.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-151 ).

  • medicin

Super-cool' way to deliver drugs ::: Some substances, when they undergo a process called 'rapid-freezing' or 'supercooling,' remain in liquid form — even at below-freezing temperatures. A new study is the first to break down the rules governing the complex process of crystallization through rapid-cooling. Its findings may revolutionize the delivery of drugs in the human body, providing a way to 'freeze' the drugs at an optimal time and location in the body.

  • Nogle stoffer, når de gennemgår en proces kaldet "hurtig indfrysning" eller "underafkøling," forbliver i flydende form – selv ved temperaturer under frysepunktet. En ny undersøgelse er den første til at bryde ned reglerne for kompleks proces med krystallisering gennem hurtig afkøling. Sine resultater kan revolutionere leveringen af ??lægemidler i den menneskelige krop, hvilket giver en måde at "fryse" lægemidlerne på et optimalt tidspunkt og sted i kroppen. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-152 ).

  • medicin-diabetes

Strong statin-diabetes link seen in large study::: In a study of nearly 26,000 beneficiaries of Tricare, the military health system, those taking statin drugs to control their cholesterol were 87 percent more likely to develop diabetes. The research confirms past findings on the link between the widely prescribed drugs and diabetes risk. But it is among the first to show the connection in a relatively healthy group of people. The study included only people who at baseline were free of heart disease, diabetes, and other severe chronic disease.

  • I en undersøgelse af næsten 26.000 modtagere af Tricare, militæret sundhedssystem, der tager statiner til at kontrollere deres kolesteroltal var 87 procent større sandsynlighed for at udvikle diabetes. Forskningen bekræfter tidligere resultater om sammenhængen mellem de vidt ordineret medicin og diabetes risiko. Men det er blandt de første til at vise sammenhængen i en relativt sund gruppe af mennesker. Undersøgelsen omfattede kun mennesker, der ved baseline var fri for hjertesygdomme, diabetes og andre alvorlige kroniske sygdomme.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-153 ).

  • medicin-diabetes

Is diet or exercise the best way to reduce diabetes risk? ::: Though people often think of the benefits from exercise, calorie restriction and weight loss as interchangeable, it appears that they may all offer distinct and cumulative benefits when it comes to managing type 2 diabetes risk.

  • Selvom folk ofte tænker på fordelene ved motion, kalorie begrænsning og vægttab som udskiftelige, fremgår det, at de alle kan tilbyde forskellige og kumulative fordele, når det kommer til at styre type 2-diabetes risiko.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-154 ).

  • medicin-diabetes

Molecular link between high glucose, metabolic disease may offer new strategies to control diabetes ::: Scientists say they've discovered a cause-and-effect link between chronic high blood sugar and disruption of mitochondria, the powerhouses that create the metabolic energy that runs living cells. The discovery sheds light on a long-hidden connection and, they say, could eventually lead to new ways of preventing and treating diabetes.

  • Forskere siger, at de har opdaget en årsag og virkning mellem kronisk blodsukker og afbrydelse af mitokondrier høj, kraftcentre, der skaber den metaboliske energi, der kører levende celler. Opdagelsen kaster lys på lang skjult tilslutning og de siger, i sidste ende kan føre til nye måder at forebygge og behandle diabetes. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-155 ).

  • medicin-diabetes

Replacing one serving of sugary drink per day by water or unsweetened tea or coffee cuts risk of type 2 diabetes, study shows ::: Replacing the daily consumption of one serving of a sugary drink with either water or unsweetened tea or coffee can lower the risk of developing diabetes by between 14 percent and 25 percent, concludes new research.

  • Udskiftning af daglige forbrug af en servering af en sukkerholdig drik med enten vand eller usødet te eller kaffe kan nedsætte risikoen for at udvikle diabetes med mellem 14 procent og 25 procent, konkluderer ny forskning.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-156 ).

  • medicin-fedme

Parents often misperceive their obese children as 'about the right weight' ::: Although rates of childhood obesity have risen over the last several decades, a vast majority of parents perceive their kids as “about the right weight,” according to new research. The authors believe it is the first study to examine the lack of change over time of parents’ perception of their preschool child’s weight status.

  • Selvom satserne for fedme blandt børn er steget i løbet af de sidste årtier, et stort flertal af forældrene opfatter deres børn som "om den rigtige vægt," ifølge ny forskning. Forfatterne mener, det er den første undersøgelse for at undersøge den manglende forandring over tid forældrenes opfattelse af deres førskole barnets vægt status. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-157 ).

  • medicin-fedme

Blocking obesity-associated protein stops dangerous fat formation, mouse study shows::: By changing mouse genes to block a protein associated with obesity, scientists have prevented fat from forming around the animals' internal organs, even when the animals eat an unhealthy diet. The study found that these genetically engineered mice also retained their sensitivity to insulin (normally blunted by obesity), despite gaining weight.

  • Ved at ændre musegener at blokere et protein associeret med fedme, har forskerne forhindret fedt dannes omkring dyrenes indre organer, selv når dyrene spiser forkert kost. Undersøgelsen fandt, at disse gensplejsede mus også bevaret deres følsomhed over for insulin (normalt sløvet af fedme), på trods af at få vægt. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-158 ).

  • medicin-fedme

Enzyme responsible for obesity-related high blood pressure identified ::: Obesity is a serious health problem affecting approximately one-third of the adult population in the United States. Obese individuals have an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. A recent study has identified the enzyme responsible for obesity-related hypertension — a finding that could lead to new treatment options.

  • Fedme er et alvorligt sundhedsproblem rammer ca. en tredjedel af den voksne befolkning i USA. Fede personer har en øget risiko for diabetes og kardiovaskulære sygdomme, herunder hypertension. En nylig undersøgelse har identificeret enzymet ansvarlig for fedmerelateret hypertension – en konstatering, der kunne føre til nye behandlingsmuligheder. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-159 ).

  • medicin-fedme

Late-night snacking: Is it your brain's fault? ::: New light has been shed on why you, your friends, neighbors and most everyone you know tend to snack at night: some areas of the brain don't get the same 'food high' in the evening. The study also reports that participants were subjectively more preoccupied with food at night even though their hunger and "fullness" levels were similar to other times of the day.

  • Nyt lys er blevet kastet på, hvorfor du, dine venner, naboer, og de fleste alle du kender en tendens til mellemmåltid om natten: nogle områder af hjernen ikke får den samme "fødevarer af høj" i aften. Undersøgelsen rapporterer også, at deltagerne var subjektivt mere optaget af mad om natten, selv om deres sult og "fyldningsgrad" niveauer var ligner andre tidspunkter af dagen. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-160 ).

  • medicin-fedme

New tool can switch behavior — such as voracious eating — 'on' and 'off' ::: Researchers have perfected a noninvasive "chemogenetic" technique that allows them to switch off a specific behavior in mice — such as voracious eating — and then switch it back on. The method works by targeting two different cell surface receptors.

  • Forskere har perfektioneret en noninvasiv "chemogenetic" teknik, der giver dem mulighed for at slukke en bestemt adfærd hos mus – såsom grådig spise – og derefter tænde den igen. Metoden fungerer ved at målrette to forskellige celleoverfladereceptorer.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-161 ).

  • medicin-fedme

New player in the occurrence of obesity complications ::: Metabolic complications of obesity and overweight, such as type 2 diabetes, are an important challenge to public health. Teams of researchers have succeeded in elucidating part of the mechanisms involved in the development of these metabolic complications associated with obesity.

  • Metaboliske komplikationer af fedme og overvægt, såsom type 2-diabetes, er en vigtig udfordring for folkesundheden. Forskerhold er lykkedes at belyse en del af de mekanismer, der er involveret i udviklingen af ??disse metaboliske komplikationer forbundet med fedme. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-162 ).

  • medicin-fedme -social

Moving to a depressed neighborhood linked to weight gain ::: Certain regions in the United States are characterized by a higher prevalence of obesity, which suggests that a person's socioeconomic, physical, and social environments can affect opportunities for healthy behaviors that might prevent excess weight gain. But what happens when people move from one neighborhood to another? A new study has found that people who moved to more socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods gained additional weight.

  • Visse regioner i USA er kendetegnet ved en højere forekomst af fedme, hvilket tyder på, at en persons socioøkonomiske, fysiske og sociale miljøer kan påvirke mulighederne for sunde vaner, der kan forhindre overskydende vægtøgning. Men hvad sker der, når folk flytter fra et kvarter til en anden?(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-163 ).

  • medicin-graviditet

Changes in placenta's protective ability during pregnancy linked to transporter proteins ::: An important function of the human placenta is to protect the fetus from detrimental substances in maternal blood, such as glucocorticoids or toxins. Placental membrane-bound transporter proteins, known as multidrug resistance proteins, protect the fetus by returning unwanted materials to the maternal circulation. A study now reports that bacterial and viral infections differentially influence these transporter proteins in early and late pregnancy, suggesting potential mechanisms underlying infection-related pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and fetal brain damage.

  • En vigtig funktion af den humane placenta er at beskytte fosteret fra skadelige stoffer i moderens blod, såsom glucocorticoider eller toksiner. Placentale membranbundne transportproteiner, kendt som multiresistens proteiner, beskytter fostret ved at returnere uønskede materialer til den maternelle cirkulation. En undersøgelse rapporterer nu, at bakterie- og virusinfektioner differentielt påvirke disse transportproteiner i begyndelsen og slutningen af ??graviditeten, hvilket tyder på potentielle mekanismer underliggende infektionsrelaterede graviditet komplikationer såsom tidlig fødsel og føtal hjerne skader.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-164 ).

  • medicin-graviditet

Mammary gland 'remembers' prior pregnancy, spurring milk production ::: Anecdotal reports of nursing mothers have long suggested that giving milk is a lot easier in second and subsequent pregnancies, compared with a first pregnancy. Now, researchers can explain why. Their work shows the mammary gland forms a long-term memory of pregnancy that primes it to respond to the hormonal changes that announce succeeding pregnancies.

  • Anekdotiske beretninger om ammende mødre har længe foreslået, at give mælk er meget lettere i anden og efterfølgende graviditeter, sammenlignet med en første graviditet. Nu, forskerne kan forklare hvorfor. Deres arbejde viser brystkirtlen danner en langtidshukommelse af graviditeten, som primtal det at reagere på de hormonelle forandringer, der annoncere efterfølgende graviditeter. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-165 ).

  • medicin-graviditet

Study solves ovarian cell mystery, shedding new light on reproductive disorders ::: A long-standing mystery about the origin of one of the cell types that make up the ovary has been solved by researchers. The team also discovered how ovarian cells share information during development of an ovarian follicle, which holds the maturing egg.

  • Et langvarigt mysterium om oprindelsen af ??en af ??de celletyper, der udgør ovariet er blevet løst ved forskere. Holdet også opdaget, hvordan æggestokkene celler deler oplysninger under udviklingen af ??en æggestokkene follicle, som holder modning ægget.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-166 ).

  • medicin-graviditet

When mom gains too much weight during pregnancy, her child is more likely to be obese::: A new study has found that when an expecting mother gains more weight than recommended, does not exercise or smokes during pregnancy, the probability that her child will be overweight or obese at the age of eight sharply increases.

  • En ny undersøgelse har konstateret, at når en forventer mor får mere vægt end anbefalet, ikke udøver eller ryger under graviditeten, sandsynligheden for, at hendes barn vil være overvægtige eller fede i en alder af otte skarpt stiger. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-167 ).

  • medicin-graviditet

Mammals not the only animals to feed embryo during gestation ::: For over a century, the scientific understanding of matrotrophy of an embryo developing inside a mom's body has come from vertebrates. This process was thought to be infrequent among the other 33 or so major groups or phyla of animals. But a new major study reports that matrotrophy has evolved in at least 21 of 34 animal phyla.

  • I mere end et århundrede har den videnskabelige forståelse af matrotrophy af et embryo udvikle inde i en mors krop kommer fra hvirveldyr. Denne fremgangsmåde blev anset for at være sjældne blandt de andre 33 eller så store grupper eller phyla af dyr. Men en ny stor undersøgelse rapporterer, at matrotrophy har udviklet sig i mindst 21 af 34 dyr phyla.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-168 ).

  • medicin-graviditet

Screening for bacteriuria in pregnant women: Benefit unclear ::: It remains unclear whether screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women causes more benefit or harm. The results of studies from the 1960s are not applicable to the current situation, reviewers say.

  • Det er fortsat uklart, om screening for asymptomatisk bakteriuri hos gravide kvinder forårsager mere gavn eller skade. Resultaterne af undersøgelser fra 1960'erne ikke finder anvendelse på den nuværende situation, korrekturlæsere sige. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-169 ).

  • medicin-hjerte

Using fresh whole blood lowers childrens' donor exposure risk in heart surgery ::: Children who undergo heart surgery are better off receiving fresh whole blood transfusions from a single donor, rather than receiving component blood from multiple donors. Limiting donor exposures reduces the patients' risk of complications, research shows.

  • Børn, der gennemgår hjerteoperation er bedre stillet modtage friske hele blodtransfusioner fra en enkelt donor, i stedet for at modtage komponent blod fra flere donorer. Begrænsning donor eksponeringer reducerer patienternes risiko for komplikationer, forskning viser. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-170 ).

  • medicin-hjerte-eskin

E-skin and pocket-sized diagnostic devices give patients the power back ::: Wearable E-skin that can measure heart rate and blood pressure, and paper diagnostic machines the size of a credit card that can give instant readings on blood and saliva samples are two new bio-sensing technologies. Bio-sensors can detect and analyze data to give patients information on their heart rate and blood pressure, blood sugar and hormone levels, and even test whether they are infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This detection technology is a step forward in personal medicine, giving patients real-time information about how their bodies are functioning and suggesting suitable treatments.

  • Bærbar E-hud, der kan måle puls og blodtryk, og papir diagnostiske maskiner på størrelse med et kreditkort, der kan give øjeblikkelige aflæsninger på blod- og spytprøver er to nye bio-sensing teknologi. Biosensorer kan registrere og analysere data for at give patienterne oplysninger om deres puls og blodtryk, blodsukker og hormon niveauer, og selv teste, om de er smittet med antibiotikaresistente bakterier. Denne afsløring teknologi er et skridt fremad i personlig medicin, der giver patienterne realtid oplysninger om, hvordan deres kroppe fungerer og foreslå egnede behandlinger. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-171 ).

  • medicin-hjerte-nyre

Dexamethasone May Help Prevent Severe Kidney Injury Following Heart Surgery ::: Acute kidney injury can be a serious complication following heart surgery. Patients who received dexamethasone during heart surgery had about a 2.5-times lower risk of developing kidney failure requiring dialysis compared with those receiving a placebo, research concludes. The greatest benefits of dexamethasone were seen in patients with pre-existing advanced chronic kidney disease.

  • Akut nyreskade kan være en alvorlig komplikation efter hjertekirurgi. Patienter, der fik dexamethason under hjerteoperation havde omkring en 2,5-gange lavere risiko for at udvikle nyresvigt kræver dialyse sammenlignet med dem, der modtager placebo, konkluderer forskning. De største fordele ved dexamethason blev set hos patienter med allerede eksisterende fremskreden kronisk nyresygdom. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-172 ).

  • medicin-hjertet-blodtryk

New mechanism of blood pressure regulation by a stress-sensitive gatekeeper ::: A new mechanism for the regulation of blood pressure has been discovered by scientists. The study shows that blood pressure can drop dramatically if the protein ERAP1 is released from cells and enters the blood stream.

  • En ny mekanisme til regulering af blodtrykket er blevet opdaget af videnskabsfolk. Undersøgelsen viser, at blodtrykket kan falde drastisk, hvis proteinet ERAP1 frigives fra cellerne og ind i blodbanen.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-173 ).

  • medicin-kemi

Chemistry, topography and mechanics probed with one instrument ::: Scientists have combined atomic force microscopy and mass spectrometry into one instrument that can probe a polymer sample in three dimensions and overlay information about the topography of its surface, the atomic-scale mechanical behavior of the bulk sample, and subsurface chemistry.

  • Forskere har kombineret atomic force mikroskopi og massespektrometri i ét instrument, der kan undersøge en polymer prøve i tre dimensioner og overlay oplysninger om topografi dens overflade, atomar skala mekaniske opførsel af bulkprøven, og under overfladen kemi. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-174 ).

  • medicin-kemi

Practical gel simply 'clicks' for biomedical applications ::: A novel, truly biocompatible alginate hydrogel has been developed that can be synthesized using 'click chemistry' towards better delivery of drugs, growth factors and living cells for biomedical applications. The gel is formed using chemical crosslinking strategies that allow engineers to entrap cells or molecules inside the gel without damaging them or rendering them inactive, scientists report.

  • Virkelig biokompatible alginat hydrogel er udviklet En roman, der kan syntetiseres ved anvendelse "klik kemi" i retning af bedre levering af lægemidler, vækstfaktorer og levende celler til biomedicinske anvendelser. Gelen dannes ved anvendelse af kemiske tværbindende strategier, der tillader ingeniører til at indeslutte celler eller molekyler inde i gelen uden at beskadige dem eller gøre dem inaktive, forskere rapport.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-175 ).

  • medicin-lægemidler-decalin

Chemists create new pathway to potential medicines ::: A new chemical reaction that has the potential to facilitate the search for pharmaceutical drugs has been uncovered by researchers. Organic synthesis is a scientific discipline central to the drug discovery process that is focused on building new carbon-based molecules that can affect biology — for example, targeting and destroying cancer cells. In the study, the authors describe a new chemical reaction that converts simple starting materials into architecturally complex molecules (a collection of atoms bonded to one another) called "decalins" in a single step.

  • En ny kemisk reaktion, der har potentiale til at lette søgningen efter lægemidler er blevet afsløret af forskere. Organisk syntese er en videnskabelig disciplin central for lægemiddelforskning proces, der er fokuseret på at opbygge nye kulstof-baserede molekyler, der kan påvirke biologi – for eksempel, målretning og ødelægge kræftceller. I undersøgelsen, beskriver forfatterne en ny kemisk reaktion, der omdanner simple udgangsmaterialer til arkitektonisk komplekse molekyler (en samling af atomer bundet til hinanden) kaldes "decalins" i et enkelt trin.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-176 ).

  • medicin-maven

How relaxation response may help treat two gastrointestinal disorders ::: Participating in a nine-week training program including elicitation of the relaxation response had a significant impact on clinical symptoms of the gastrointestinal disorders irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease and on the expression of genes related to inflammation and the body's response to stress.

  • Deltagelse i en ni-ugers træningsprogram, herunder fremkaldelse af afslapning svar haft en betydelig indvirkning på kliniske symptomer på gastrointestinale lidelser irritabel tyktarm og inflammatorisk tarmsygdom og på ekspressionen af ??gener relateret til inflammation og kroppens reaktion på stress.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-177 ).

  • medicin-medicin-søvn

Childhood maltreatment linked to sleep problems among adults ::: Adults who experienced multiple incidents of childhood maltreatment were more than two times as likely to have trouble sleeping than their counterparts who were not maltreated during childhood, according to a new study.

  • Voksne, der oplevede flere episoder i barndommen mishandling var mere end to gange så der kan få problemer med at sove, end deres kolleger, der ikke var mishandling under barndommen, ifølge en ny undersøgelse.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-178 ).

  • medicin-narkotika

Hyped new recreational drug 'flakka' is as addictive as 'bath salts' ::: Scientists have found using animal models that the new recreational drug alpha-PVP (“flakka”) seems equivalently potent as a stimulant, and therefore as addictive, as its chemical cousin MDPV (“bath salts”).

  • Forskere har fundet ved hjælp af dyremodeller, at den nye rekreative narkotika alpha-PVP ("flakka") synes tilsvarende potent som et nydelsesmiddel, og derfor så vanedannende, som dets kemiske fætter MDPV ("badesalt"). (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-179 ).

  • medicin-narkotika

Fracture' prints, not fingerprints, help solve child abuse cases ::: Much like a finger leaves its own unique print to help identify a person, researchers are now discovering that skull fractures leave certain signatures that can help investigators better determine what caused the injury.

  • Meget gerne en finger efterlader sin egen unikke print hjælp til at identificere en person, forskerne nu opdager, at kraniebrud forlade visse underskrifter, der kan hjælpe efterforskerne bedre afgøre, hvad der forårsagede skaden. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-180 ).

  • medicin-narkotika

The opioid epidemic and its impact on orthopaedic care ::: The United States makes up less than five percent of the world's population but consumes 80 percent of the global opioid supply and approximately 99 percent of all hydrocodone — the most commonly prescribed opioid in the world.

  • USA udgør mindre end fem procent af verdens befolkning, men forbruger 80 procent af det globale opioid udbud og cirka 99 procent af al hydrocodon – den mest almindeligt ordinerede opioid i verden.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-181 ).

  • medicin-narkotika

The dark side of cannabis: Panic attacks, nausea ::: Although the use of cannabis as a medical drug is currently booming, we should not forget that leisure time consumption — for example, smoking weed — can cause acute and chronic harms. These include panic attacks, impaired coordination of movement, and nausea, as researchers show. The symptoms depend on a patient's age, the amount of the drug consumed, and the frequency of drug use.

  • Selv om brugen af ??cannabis som et lægemiddel er i stærk fremgang, må vi ikke glemme, at fritid forbrug – for eksempel, rygning weed – kan forårsage akutte og kroniske skader. Disse omfatter panikanfald, nedsat koordination af bevægelser, og kvalme, som forskere viser. Symptomerne afhænger af patientens alder, mængden af ??lægemidlet, der forbruges, og hyppigheden af ??stofmisbrug.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-182 ).

  • medicin-scanning-ct

Compact light source improves CT scans ::: The recently developed Compact Light Source (CLS) — a commercial X-ray source — enables computer tomography scans that reveal more detail than routine scans performed at hospitals today. The new technology could soon be used in preclinical studies and help researchers better understand cancer and other diseases.

  • Den nyligt udviklede Compact Light Source (CLS) – en kommerciel røntgenkilde – muliggør computer tomografi scanninger der viser flere detaljer end rutinemæssige scanninger udføres på sygehusene i dag. Den nye teknologi kan snart bruges i prækliniske studier og hjælpe forskerne til bedre at forstå kræft og andre sygdomme. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-183 ).

  • medicinsk-stråling

Clinical decision tools in electronic medical records can reduce childhood radiation exposure ::: Childhood exposure to ionizing radiation increases lifetime malignancy risk, but a team of researchers has found that with just a little bit of education, the risk can be significantly reduced. Currently, up to 40% of computed tomography, or CT, scans are ordered (for everyone) unnecessarily.

  • Barndom udsættelse for ioniserende stråling øger levetiden malignitet risiko, men et hold af forskere har fundet, at med blot en lille smule af uddannelse, at risikoen kan reduceres betydeligt. I øjeblikket op til 40% af computertomografi eller CT, er scanninger bestilles (for alle) unødigt. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-184 ).

  • medicin-smerte

Light — not pain-killing drugs — used to activate brain's opioid receptors ::: Neuroscientists have attached the light-sensing protein rhodopsin to opioid receptor parts to activate the receptor pathways using light from a laser fiber-optic device. They also influenced the behavior of mice using light, rather than drugs, to activate the reward response. When an opioid receptor is exposed to a pain-killing drug, it initiates activity in specific chemical pathways in the brain and spinal cord. And when the researchers shone light on the receptors that contained rhodopsin, the same cellular pathways were activated. Neurons in that part of the brain release chemicals such as dopamine that create feelings of euphoria.

  • Neuroscientists har vedhæftet lys-sensing protein rhodopsin til opioid receptor dele for at aktivere receptoren pathways under anvendelse af lys fra en laser fiber-optisk enhed. De påvirket også adfærden af ??mus ved hjælp af lys, i stedet for medicin, for at aktivere belønning respons. Når en opioidreceptor udsættes for et smertestillende lægemiddel, initierer det aktivitet i specifikke kemiske veje i hjernen og rygmarven. Og når forskerne skinnede lys på de receptorer, indeholdt rhodopsin blev de samme cellulære veje aktiveret. Neuroner i den del af hjernen frigivelse kemikalier såsom dopamin, der skaber en følelse af eufori. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-185 ).

  • medicin-smerte

Potential new painkiller provides longer lasting effects ::: Medications have long been used to treat pain caused by injury or chronic conditions. Unfortunately, most are short-term fixes or cause side effects that limit their use. Researchers have discovered a new compound that offers longer lasting painkilling effects, and shows promise as an alternative to current anesthetics.

  • Medikamenter har længe været anvendt til behandling af smerte forårsaget af skade eller kroniske tilstande. Desværre er de fleste er kortsigtede rettelser eller forårsage bivirkninger, som begrænser deres anvendelse. Forskere har opdaget en ny forbindelse, som giver længere varig smertestillende effekter, og viser lovende som et alternativ til de nuværende anæstetika.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-186 ).

  • medicin-smerte-hofte

Hip strengthening might ease pain of clogged leg arteries ::: Exercise to strengthen hip flexor muscles may increase how far some patients can walk without calf pain. Gait analysis reveals that people with clogged leg arteries use calf muscles to compensate for weakness of certain hip muscles.

  • Øvelse til at styrke hoftebøjer muskler kan øge hvor langt nogle patienter kan gå uden kalv smerter. Ganganalyse afslører, at folk med tilstoppede ben arterier bruger lægmuskler at kompensere for svaghed i visse hofte muskler.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-187 ).

  • medicin-spiseforstyrrelser-kønnethed

Sexual orientation, gender identity linked to eating disorders ::: Transgender and non-transgender lesbian, gay and bisexual students are at greater risk for eating disorders, finds a new study. The study used data from the American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment, a survey of 289,024 students from 223 U.S. universities. Researchers found that the rates of self-reported eating disorders were highest in transgender people. Heterosexual men had the lowest rates.

  • Transseksuelle og ikke-transseksuelle lesbisk, bøsser og biseksuelle studerende er i større risiko for spiseforstyrrelser, finder en ny undersøgelse. Undersøgelsen anvendte data fra American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment, en undersøgelse af 289.024 studerende fra 223 amerikanske universiteter. Forskerne fandt, at satserne for selvrapporterede spiseforstyrrelser var højest i transseksuelle. Heteroseksuelle mænd havde de laveste priser. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-188 ).

  • medicin-stamcelle

First embryonic stem cell therapy safety trial in Asian patients ::: A clinical trial for patients with degenerative eye diseases is the first to test the safety of an embryonic stem cell therapy for people of Asian descent. The study, which followed four individuals for a year after they were treated with embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells for macular degeneration, observed no serious side effects (tumor growth or other unexpected effects) related to the therapy.

  • Et klinisk forsøg for patienter med degenerative øjensygdomme er den første til at teste sikkerheden i en embryonale stamceller terapi for mennesker af asiatisk afstamning. Undersøgelsen, der fulgte fire individer i et år efter, at de blev behandlet med embryonale stamceller-afledte retinale pigment epitelceller for makuladegeneration, observeret nogen alvorlige bivirkninger (tumor vækst eller andre uventede virkninger) relateret til behandlingen.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-189 ).

  • medicin-stamcelle

Vital step in stem cell growth revealed ::: Stem cells, which have the potential to turn into any kind of cell, offer the tantalizing possibility of generating new tissues for organ replacements, stroke victims and patients of many other diseases. Now, scientist have uncovered details about stem cell growth that could help improve regenerative therapies.

  • Stamceller, der har potentialet til at blive til en form for celle, tilbyder den forjættende mulighed for at skabe nye væv til orgel udskiftninger, slagtilfælde ofre og patienter af mange andre sygdomme. Nu har videnskabsmand afsløret detaljer om stamceller vækst, som kunne hjælpe med at forbedre regenerative behandlinger.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-190 ).

  • medicin-stamceller-genom

Master orchestrator of the genome is discovered, stem cell scientists report ::: New research shows how a single growth factor receptor protein programs the entire genome. The study provides evidence that it all begins with a single "master" growth factor receptor that regulates the entire genome.

  • Ny forskning viser, hvordan en enkelt vækstfaktorreceptor protein programmer hele genomet. Undersøgelsen dokumenterer, at det hele begynder med en enkelt "master" vækstfaktor receptor, der regulerer hele genomet. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-191 ).

  • medicin-stamceller-genom

New stem cells hold potential for generating mature functional tissues ::: Scientists have discovered a new type of stem cell that could potentially generate mature, functional tissues. They report using these new stem cells to develop the first reliable method for integrating human stem cells into nonviable mouse embryos in a laboratory dish in such a way that the human cells began to differentiate into early-stage tissues.

  • Forskere har opdaget en ny type stamcelle, der potentielt generere modne, funktionelle væv. De rapporterer anvende disse nye stamceller til at udvikle den første pålidelig metode til at integrere humane stamceller til ikke-levedygtige museembryoer i et laboratorium fad på en sådan måde at de humane celler begyndte at differentiere til den tidlige udviklingsfase væv. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-192 ).

  • medicin-stroke

Novel computer intelligence system for acute stroke detection ::: Medical researchers have developed a novel computer-aided detection system for acute stroke using computer intelligence technology. The detection accuracy is 90%, which is as high as that conducted by specialists, but at a much reduced time from 10-15 minutes to 3 minutes.

  • Medicinske forskere har udviklet en ny computerbaseret detektion system til akut slagtilfælde ved hjælp af computer intelligens-teknologi. Påvisningen nøjagtighed er 90%, hvilket er lige så høj som den, der udføres af fagfolk, men på et meget reduceret tid fra 10-15 minutter til 3 minutter. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-193 ).

  • medicin-stroke

Comprehensive stroke centers may improve bleeding stroke survival ::: People with brain bleeds are more likely to survive if they're treated at a comprehensive stroke center. Comprehensive stroke centers have the equipment and personnel to deal with the most severe strokes, including neurological critical care and 24-hour availability of neurosurgeons.

  • Mennesker med hjerne blødninger er mere tilbøjelige til at overleve, hvis de behandles på et omfattende slag center. Omfattende slagtilfælde centre har det udstyr og personale til at behandle de mest alvorlige slag, herunder neurologisk intensivbehandling og 24-timers tilgængelighed af neurokirurger.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-194 ).

  • medicin-søvn

Waking proteins up from deep sleep to study their motions ::: In order to carry out their functions, proteins need to move. Scientists have developed a new technique to study motions in proteins with unprecedented accuracy. The method, which is based on NMR, freezes proteins down to immobility, then slowly heats them to 'wake them up' and restart motions individually and in sequence, providing a slow-motion image of real conditions.

  • For at udføre deres opgaver, proteiner nødt til at flytte. Forskere har udviklet en ny teknik til at studere bevægelser i proteiner med hidtil uset præcision. Fremgangsmåden, der er baseret på NMR, fryser proteiner ned til immobilitet, derefter langsomt opvarmer dem til 'vække dem' og genstart bevægelser individuelt og i rækkefølge, hvilket giver en slow-motion billede af virkelige forhold. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-195 ).

  • medicin-søvn-børn

Children sleep better when they have a nightly bedtime routine ::: Having a regular bedtime routine is associated with better sleep in young children up to six years of age, and the positive impact on sleep increases with the consistency of the nightly routine, a multinational study suggests.

  • Have en regelmæssig sengetid rutine er forbundet med bedre søvn hos små børn op til seks år, og den positive indvirkning på søvn stiger med sammenhængen i den natlige rutine, en multinational undersøgelse antyder.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-196 ).

  • medicin-søvn-snorken

Snoring keeping you up at night? ::: In patients with primary snoring or mild OSA, oropharyngeal, or mouth and tongue, exercises significantly reduced the frequency of snoring by 36 percent and total power of snoring by 59 percent, a study concludes.

  • Hos patienter med primær snorken eller mild OSA, oropharyngeal, eller mund og tunge, øvelser reducerede signifikant hyppigheden af ??snorken med 36 procent og samlet effekt på snorken med 59 procent, konkluderer en undersøgelse. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-197 ).

  • medicin-søvntab

Sleep loss impedes decision making in crisis, research shows ::: The difference between life and death in the operating room, on the battlefield or during a police shootout often comes down to the ability to adapt to the unexpected. Sleep deprivation may make it difficult to do so, according to a study that for the first time created a laboratory experiment that simulates how sleep loss affects critical aspects of decision making in high-stakes, real-world situations.

  • Forskellen mellem liv og død på operationsstuen, på slagmarken eller under en politi shootout kommer ofte ned til evnen til at tilpasse sig det uventede. Søvnmangel kan gøre det vanskeligt at gøre det, ifølge en undersøgelse, der for første gang skabt et laboratorium eksperiment, der simulerer, hvordan søvn tab påvirker kritiske aspekter af beslutningsprocessen i high-stakes, virkelige verden situationer. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-198 ).

  • medicin-telemedicin-antibiotikaanvendelse

Telemedicine exams result in antibiotics as often as regular exams, study finds ::: Telemedicine is growing rapidly, yet there is relatively little research about the quality of such services. A new study finds that patients treated for an acute respiratory infection by a doctor on a telephone or live video are as likely to be prescribed an antibiotic as patients who are treated by a physician face-to-face. The report is the first to assess quality of direct-to-consumer telemedicine as compared to in-person care for common acute respiratory infections.

  • Telemedicin er i hastig vækst, men der er relativt lidt forskning om kvaliteten af ??sådanne tjenester. En ny undersøgelse fastslår, at patienter, der behandles for en akut luftvejsinfektion af en læge på en telefon eller live video er så tilbøjelige til at blive ordineret et antibiotikum som patienter, der behandles af en læge ansigt til ansigt. Rapporten er den første til at vurdere kvaliteten af ??direkte-til-forbruger telemedicin i forhold til in-person pleje for fælles akutte luftvejsinfektioner.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-199 ).

  • medicin-teleoperation

Researchers hack a teleoperated surgical robot to reveal security flaws ::: How safe is that robot doing your surgery? Researchers easily hacked a next generation teleoperated surgical robot to test how easily a malicious attack could hijack remotely-controlled operations in the future and to offer security solutions.

  • Hvor sikkert er, at robotten gør din operation? Forskere let hacket en næste generation teleoperated kirurgiske robot til at teste, hvor let et ondsindet angreb kunne kapre fjernt-kontrollerede aktiviteter i fremtiden og til at tilbyde sikkerhedsløsninger.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-200 ).

  • medicin-transplantation

No racial disparity in blood and marrow transplant referrals, study shows ::: No racial or ethnic disparities have been found among patients who participated in a Blood and Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Program. The percentage of African Americans who were referred for transplant was 7%, and the referral rate for other minority races/ethnicities was 2.5%. These proportions directly compare to the general Western New York population, which is comprised of 8% African Americans and 2% other racial/ethnic minorities.

  • Ingen racemæssige eller etniske forskelle er blevet fundet blandt patienter, der deltog i en Blood and Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Program. Procentdelen af ??afrikanske amerikanere, der blev henvist til transplantation var 7%, og indbringelsen sats for andre mindretal racer / etniciteter var 2,5%. Disse andele direkte sammenligne med den generelle vestlige New York befolkning, som består af 8% afroamerikanere og 2% andre racemæssige / etniske minoriteter. (bionyt.dk/163/kilde-201 ).

  • medicin-tænder

Naturally occurring amino acid could improve oral health ::: Arginine, a common amino acid found naturally in foods, breaks down dental plaque, which could help millions of people avoid cavities and gum disease, researchers have discovered.

  • Arginin, en fælles aminosyre findes naturligt i fødevarer, nedbryder plak, som kunne hjælpe millioner af mennesker undgår hulrum og tandkødssygdomme, forskere har opdaget.(bionyt.dk/163/kilde-202 ).

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